Most of our modern collectors received is the Yuan, Ming and Qing porcelain. Nearly a century porcelain called the new porcelain. From porcelain speaking, a single glaze, painted enamel. Painted in blue and white are the most abundant, from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty until now nearly 700 years, the blue and white porcelain in the mainstream.
Stresses must mention porcelain blue and white material, blue is blue cobalt oxide compound, belonging underglaze color. What is the underglaze color? Its production process simply involves pulling the blank out, and so did cobalt oxides up painting, unfinished cast a layer of glaze, re-kiln, firing a 1260 degrees. In the last lecture in which I mentioned "five nine square method."
1, nine aspect, the fourth aspect is the color. The late famous porcelain connoisseurs Sun Chou gentleman, the Yuan, Ming and Qing porcelain identified as having a deep research, he made a lot of effective methods. Which Sunlao observed by blue and white, blue and white colors of the separation of the two dozen. If we figure out the blue and white colors on our identification and detection of forgeries will be of great benefit. Why are there so many blue and white colors do? Because in a few hundred years, the blue and white porcelain production is the mainstream, so in a very long time, in different historical stages of green material sources and different texture, coupled with production techniques and other reasons, for the blue and white color quality, coloration colors have had different effects. Because of this, the quality of the rendered blue and white, color, style, there must be significant differences, artistic effects are bound to be a strong characteristic of the times. Differences in these characteristics for the identification of blue and white porcelain dating provides an important basis, so Identifier source for green material, grade, hair color, coloring understand the ins and outs is the basis for identification of blue and white. When we picked up a blue and white porcelain, the first thing you see is its shape, and then see is the blue and white artistic effect, which is intuitive feelings. Results common bright, bright, dark, scattered halo, elegant, structured, rigid, sluggish and other words to summarize, the formation of these general terms, is the blue hair color quality, coloration shades and painting complex. What is a hair color? What is the coloration? These two colors are kind of relationship, subject to the constraints of what conditions? This is would like to introduce. Hair color is green material chemical changes in the roasting process, coloration is green material presented after firing intuitive feelings. There are several colors coloring constraints: first, hair color, and the second is the Fetus, and the third is the glaze. Fetus is glazed inside the tire son, fetal child yellow, white, blue and white soft and hard are right to some extent. The quality of the glaze, color and thickness have an impact on the coloring. Hair color constraints: the first is green material, and the second is the application of technology, and the third is the calcination temperature. Technology is applied in the painting when painting work how. If dipped in pigment are the same, drawing a line force uniform, blue and white is a color after burning out, otherwise there will be shades of blue and white colors. Another is the calcination temperature should be 1260 degrees. The same green material, if the temperature is too high, the color black; temperature is too low, a little hair green. Another point of special circumstances, is pure blue and white porcelain, and its hair color, coloring are the same, if after the second firing, which once again into the furnace, the color than the secondary furnace went into deep, like the later red, green, blue and white color, beans, color and so on. Besides green materials, green materials affected by three aspects, first component, the second is the purification, and the third is the preparation. My main problem, said composition. Mainly composed of cobalt oxide, it sends the color is blue, which contains a certain amount of manganese oxide, there is an iron oxide, referred to as iron oxide. The higher content of cobalt blue more positive and less on the content of gray hair. Manganese content is high, blue and white to blue or blue-purple in the pan in the red. High content of iron oxide blue hair color to black. Mr. Sun Lao separation of the two dozen blue and white colors, he sometimes a look at the color to know about what era.
In the absence of dating before, you have to remember the Ming and Qing Dynasty emperors. Where's off if you do not know, then how to live? Early Ming emperor, "Hongjian Yong Xuan Hung," namely Hongwu, Jianwen, Yongle, Hong Xi, Xuande. Jianwen with Hongxi without porcelain. "Three are Sedum" that is orthodox, Jingtai, Skyway, which was three dynasties called "blank period", also called "dark period", says this period is not porcelain. I do not agree with these two terminologies, I called "Ming three generations." Because this period does have porcelain. "Into the Hong Zhengde continued," is the mid-Ming, Serve technology, Hongzhi and Zhengde. Chenghua porcelain in the Ming Dynasty is the most prominent. "Late in the Lung Wan" is the Jiajing, Khanh, Wanli, we call in the late. "Tai Cheong Chong Apocalypse", namely Tai Cheong, apocalypse, Chongzhen, we called late Ming, Tai Cheong period in which no porcelain, because he was a total of 29 days when the emperor. Ming is 277 years, it was also considered that 276 years, I compiled unhesitatingly stream said to be "270 years" is only an approximate number. There are 10 Qing emperors, namely Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu, Xuantong. Qing Qing Dynasties porcelain is based. Here I will order at times to tell you about the specific situation.
Since the founding of the Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang Hongwu reign as scheduled, so the Hongwu Hongwu porcelain blue and white porcelain called. Since the Yuan Dynasty of war, founding the early Ming porcelain production is not much success. My favorite one pupil cups, its hair color more stable, virtually no scattered halo, coloration is indigo. I started to put it into the Hongwu pre-set, then please read my master Geng old, he said that this flower painting called a stipple is a stroke, the part of large freehand. Tire soil is light khaki, soft texture, shape is very rough, so it can be seen as the Yuan and Ming porcelain. Yuanmomingchu eventful, founding the beginning, undone, fear in Porcelain attend to, so the development of porcelain production less than inheritance. At this time of green materials are made in China, coloring the tone is light blue, but not very good because of the quality and purification, so among the pan-gray light blue hue. Overall quality porcelain early Hongwu is not high, and the Yuan Dynasty porcelain is difficult to distinguish, within the academic community that this is a transition, so the identification of them, there is a "Yuanmomingchu" one said. This sake cup diameter is 4.8 cm, height is 4.8 cm, belonging to folk stingy. I come when broken into nine, there are shortages, and later restored. This thing indeed very valuable, but for me, I'm on this one, basically fairly complete, the important question is that it is Yuanmomingchu specimens. In identifying them, we can take this as reference, can think in terms of the positive, the next can think of Yongle, Xuande, so I think my sake cup is a wonderful thing. Hongwu Period blue and white porcelain production levels have not seen the writing section of the kiln pit official. It is said that time has the kiln, but have not seen the word money, so you see if the "big Hongwu" the funds porcelain, you put it as a fake is not the problem.
I also engage in addition to identification of repair, I put ceramic restorations divided into six steps, called the six-step repair method.
2, where the fourth step called complement with that bond the pieces together and then put it short and crack fill level. "Six-step" is mainly used for repair pottery. As for the repair porcelain, generally only to the fourth step, the latter dithering and do the old two-step, due to material and other reasons, do not do it. Today I bring restoration tiles, is to do so.
Hongwu after Yongle, Xuande period, blue and white has made great progress, their main feature is the use of mud Bo Su Qing (or called Subo mud green, Su Ma Li Qing). Su Bo Green clay is a green material imports, with a higher proportion of cobalt and iron, and manganese content is low. Hair color thick, easy halo scattered, but scattered very natural. Coloration tone is cyan, shallow as sky blue, indigo depths are, dense plaques occurring iron and cobalt. The iron cobalt blue plaques are Su Bo mud characteristics. Hi collections will Su Bo green mud material referred to as the Soviet Union. So what are the characteristics expected it? Generally speaking Soviet material should thoroughly Fetus is concave. We look at it this way color is black, but you welcome light side when it is not the color. Sideways, first, you can see that it is more concave down, and that it is not anti-light black light, but tin light. If the material is not the Soviet Union, then you welcome light side or black light. Therefore, we again see such a situation, when I hope to see you sideways. This was the iron and cobalt indigo spot where we touch is generally uneven. Its uneven no law, because what is it? First, the quantity, and second, tire repair, there is no law. End of the Qing Tongzhi years, when the kind of large-type, you start feeling it is not flat. But that is not the same grievance with this injustice, this injustice is no law. Tongzhi you feels there is a pattern of uneven, like waves like, jargon is called the wave inside the glaze children. That is the glaze problems, we give two separated. In all fairness it, iron-cobalt spot should belong to the emergence of raw materials and workmanship problem is inadequate. However, this lack of appreciation in the eyes of those who fly in the ointment is neither considered, nor that it is porcelain does not cover flaws, and finds it is a special artistic effects, such as Ge same. Everyone knows the saying goes jumped magnetic child that opened a lot of the above piece children's burned out of porcelain. But then it is a Song craftsmen who can not, he took advantage of this weakness becomes, and become one of five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, we believe that identification is not never declared porcelain time, this plaque is the identification of iron-cobalt time basis, but also an important basis for one.
This bowl is called butterfly bowl lotus scrolls, but also my repair. Blue and white bowl on the blue is blue is blue in a little pan schungite. Color with a shallow depth, thick at the cobalt spots. Bowl fetal child is thin, while I would say why thin problems. Son thin tires, tire repair very structured, glaze is pale, and very moist. This device is a foot outside the write-style exterior, write out. The other is this place called inner knuckle, knuckle This place has a plot, including the glaze, the color is blue shrimp. Foot inside the end of the glaze is inlaid white children, two of the glaze is not the same, it is washed out and thin. So we can say that this bowl is in the late Yongle porcelain. Su Yi halo bulk material, so use it to draw thin lines or characters where these subtle eye brows are not used to. But using it to paint the flowers or foliage die size, with certain characteristics. This one is called magpie Teng branches, it is more able to reflect the characteristics of Soviet material. The colors appear heavier, but I have just said it expected that the above cobalt Bambi Sue that obvious. Like this painting magpie, obviously it is called scattered halo. It would have been very clearly drawn, but because this material sideways scattered, so it looks somewhat vague. This is the material characteristics of the Soviet Union. Some people say never declared, regardless of the original, that is, regardless of Yongle and Xuande porcelain. In fact, it can not be divided? Some places still able to score. Take these two bowls compare these two bowls a head almost. We have a way to identify which is called hand head. What is it called hand head? That these two bowls take up a weigh hand, a little heavier this bowl, this bowl hand head becomes lighter than it. Why is it important that it is light, it is a question of child birth. Yongle bowl abdomen when relatively thin, Xuande bowl when relatively thick belly. This how to judge it then? Sometimes we write to pen, mouth to say do not know. So you want to touch, you are so touched, they took out the thick, the thin. So never declared these two periods can still distinguish porcelain. So I just said this material may be Zheng He's seven voyages to bring back. As of today could not find the origin. Later, Zheng He no less than Western, this Soviet source material cut off. In the early Ming Dynasty, when it has such features blue and white porcelain gradually gone.
To Chenghua years, the emergence of a new green material, called equality green. Equal green appears, blue and white artistic appeared another new look. Let's first talk about the Soviet Union on the front of the green material mud Bo has a summary. So this material because of its special artistic effects, to the Ching Ming, when people began to imitate. After the late Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, the Republic, until today, there are people imitation. So, some people say he bought the Xuande things, we say it is a fake, he cheated. Well, for this material in the end how the Soviet Union to conclude it, three. In fact, I just talked about, we repeat. First, look at this dark spots mark is not natural. This is how I say it? This material because there is no Soviet Union, then the cobalt spot to get out, how to do? Respect to the above point pen, with some black color of the material to the above points. Points out, then you look unnatural. Second, this is the depth Fetus spots is not, meaning that the spots on its surface it is, or deep into the inside of the tire. Thirdly, it is welcome that introduced me to the light side have the same color of tin. Please note that these three points we can. Because then there is no such material, even if you re-dyed, indeed you had that effect can not be achieved. It probably 67 years ago, someone asked me to see something, took such a big bowl. I told you this is false, and I wrote the following words to say bowl - "Da Ming Xuande years." He said: "how do you know?" I said: "You are Xuande bowl." "Yes, I am this is the Xuande bowl." I said: "But you this bowl is false." And I more clearly, This bowl is in the 80s, when Jingdezhen copy something. Results passed around, it became really pass up, went by really going to sell. It is said that he spent about 50 thousand dollars.
Chenghua dynasty, it is said that the Soviet Union still have a little material. But I really kind of porcelain have not seen before. Chenghua period porcelain, blue and white artistic effect is most elegant and soft, ethereal and refined such a style. This quiet and elegant style is a favorite Chenghua porcelain descendants most important reason. This period of green materials used in the name of equality called green, also called Potang green. This green material produced in the river Desiree Carolina. Produce this effect equality green flower art by many factors: the iron less this green material, and manganese are relatively more; hair color stable or stabilized, no floating sensation; coloring the blue pan schungite; tire porcelain of this period the child is white, glazed child is fat and thoroughly, with equality can draw relatively thin blue ornamentation came. So color seem elegant, soft, giving a Yunzhewuzhang, looming misty feeling, people feel that there is a sense of mystery Chenghua porcelain. This is the Chenghua porcelain charm.
This thing I call for the whole plant flower graphic bowl. Some say this bowl painting called okra, because I do not know plants, this is not okra I can not say it. I call it the right flowers, whole plant flowers. Its color is essentially stable. Coloring is blue in the pan a little gray, blue pan schungite, thick black blue office. But it is by no concave down, it is flat. Enamel moist, fetal child is white. If you learn identification, then, to look at the tiles children, your child from the tiles to see on see clearly. Among the white glaze is glowing blue, white and Fan Qing. Hand touch it on the surface, in some places up the drums, but did not feel concave down. These are equal green features. Here to tell you about the whole plant flowers. Flowers should be from which parts of it? Have roots, stem, branches, leaves, flowers, a dynasty in any other among them paintings of flowers are not the root, except when Chenghua painted flowers have roots. This is the Chenghua period painting flowers characteristics. So with this feature, we identified Chenghua porcelain has found a proof. Chenghua period porcelain there is a feature that is fine kilns kiln, and does not have much difference. According to the pattern of this specimen, as well as glaze, enamel, blue and other terms are Chenghua kilns makers. Indeed, Chenghua boutique than the kiln kilns is also rare. At that time I got this when tiles child, how that piece of porcelain dating I was pretty hesitant. It is not really Chenghua porcelain? Especially the latter exhausted, wrote "Da Ming Chenghua made." Its relatively illegible font, nor regular. Later, according to Sun Ying Chow spoken gentleman method, using 15 times the magnifying glass to see if it's money word this place. It is glazed inside bubbles child children intensive, like misty clouds. This phenomenon is fully integrated specific porcelain. Out of prudence, I invite Geng old over the head, Geng old said it was Chenghua porcelain. So let's put it this child fragments as Chenghua kilns boutique. Mr. Sun Yingzhou right Chenghua porcelain has a brilliant evaluation, he thinks Chenghua porcelain Taizhi delicate purity, shiny glaze, such as fat, soft colors, smooth strokes, modeling Brisk beautiful, delicate like a table.
Chenghua porcelain occupy a place in the history of porcelain, is very important. There is a saying among the porcelain appreciation called "Ming as of the Qing Yongzheng look" that is best for porcelain, it is Chenghua Ming porcelain, Qing Yongzheng porcelain is best, which proves that the ceramic sector into the importance of porcelain and treasured. It is because of Chenghua porcelain by the descendants of people of all ages, so when someone from the Jiajing imitation, imitation later dynasties have, until now. Among the Qing Yongzheng finest imitation, they Pa, shape, glaze, color, painting, and other aspects of child models are noted, are the pursuit of Chenghua style, the effect is quite good, almost lifelike.
Yongzheng porcelain has written "Da Ming Chenghua" the funds, that is the imitation goods can not be called fake. Because it is outside pastels, pastels are only some of the Kangxi. It is exhausted written quite beautiful, but really Chenghua porcelain with a ratio of its flaws came out. To the late Qing Dynasty, many porcelain are the words "Da Ming Chenghua years" or "Chenghua years." I'm in the identification process, often someone says he is Chenghua porcelain, and I said no, because it is above the word is very scratchy, can not simply look exhausted but also in other areas. In addition, the Chenghua period porcelain no "Chenghua years" This four-character models, do have "big next year made" or "big next year the system."
There is also a saying in the identification of a Philip regardless Serve technology, Hongzhi these two periods, regardless of porcelain, porcelain because of these two periods is not much in terms of quality differences. Why is there such a phenomenon does Chenghua dynasty emperor Jiaozhu see deep, when he was in when the prince married a concubine surnamed Wan, Wan Fei 18 years older than he. Later, when the Emperor Zhu see deep, did not she stand for the Queen, but Wan Fei in the harem forces greater than Queens. Wan Fei was born a son, but the three-year-old died after she never fertility. Jealousy may be in a harem concubine who became pregnant, she should let abortion. Later, Zhu see deep in the harem DragonBooks saw a palace, the palace was originally a small square in Guangdong princess of the country, the country was destroyed after the palace when the ladies get the results of this palace became pregnant. Wan Fei ladies on a not too aware that when profiling after Wan Fei knew it, he ordered with a hook to hook out from the mother to the fetus. Hook will kill out later, when protected by eunuchs, concubines have been protected up. To the child five years old, Zhu see deep lamented that he has no time after which the eunuch took the opportunity to tell him that you have a son. This is not my apocryphal, I checked the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty Empress pass some records, Emperor Hongzhi said above there is a place on the head without hair, is the hook hook. Zhu see deep son Jiaozhu tang.
Why do I say that such a piece of history it reasons: First, Wan Fei great forces in the harem, Zhu see deep and very polite Wan Fei. Wan Fei preferences small delicate objects, including porcelain. As of Ming, a look at its blue and white; two doucai see it is in the womb of the above, for example, want to draw a bird, could only draw the legs and head, but the body is not painted, and then cast a layer of enamel to burn , burnt out from the other colors filled up and then burned the body. Cockfighting is now the most famous is the bowl, cup cockfighting, cock fighting cylinders, something like this is probably one pair at the auction house on more than one million. So Chenghua porcelain was probably connected with Wan Fei have a certain relationship.
Second, Zhu tang can be said that only a narrow escape when the emperor, his understanding of folk's woes. After he became emperor more or less to reduce the number of civil burden of porcelain are no longer forced to. This forms the accepted thing Hongzhi Period mostly Chenghua, because he himself is no innovation, and this is a great one, regardless of the reasons.
come up with a bowl of chip this is Hongzhi Period bowl, I gave it the name "Spring Dance", which is kilns makers. Its blue color is not stable, there are scattered halo, especially in the mouth along the more obvious. Coloration is gray-blue, pale hues comparison, glazed white gray middle glowed blue, cyan foot shrimp within the knuckle. Foot wall prescribe text strings, two distance between the text strings. Man on top of a relatively faint chord, bottom chord text a relatively heavy. The screen may be a bowl 8 young man, in this bowl can be seen on sheet 4, since this is half the bowl, it may be 8. They are wearing gown, dance, dance stretch graceful, coordinated action. The background is a relatively flat land port, also painted a lot of switchgrass, living in harmony with the entire screen showing a spring outing peaceful atmosphere. This is a realistic folk art, from the entire screen to see, uninhibited Hideitsu tattoo lines, compared to some of Chenghua device becomes deep. From the Yuan Dynasty painting figures like there, then most adult oriented to draw, to paint Xuande have children, but not much. But in the Chenghua years boys and young men painted themes to more. I just mean that two lines called the chord text. In the early Ming, mainly Hongwu, Yongle no lane, or one, or a painting of flowers, two chords Wen Xuande start from there. Further identification to the attention of caps that when this thing began to appear, it is very important. Before the advent of the things in it if it had not appeared when the feature, then certainly false. This is the emergence of two chords Xuande text. Another feature is that the two lines a light a heavy weight on top of the light below. This feature alone from Xuande, to the Chenghua obviously, but to the less obvious when Hongzhi, did not go down after this feature it. So I made up a jingle, called: "Xuande have bilateral lines, Chenghua rules rely on the bottom edge, on-line under strong light fine until Hongzhi also visible." "As Philip regardless of" indeed difficult points, but some minor areas can still see the difference. For example, the Chenghua period of the suit is "blue pan schungite" while Koji relatively Chenghua period is necessary to suit paler; Chenghua period colors are gray-blue, and Hongzhi Period tone seemed more deep, Koji period Bambi iron and cobalt appear to be more fully integrated. We have just talked about equality in the mid-Qing Ming. Let me say three things: First, on the question just talked about bubbles. Observation bubble, is the origin of Mr. Yu Sunlao, but Sunlao referring Chenghua period porcelain, porcelain Sunlao other periods did not say, but this thing I asked Mr. Geng, Geng said Sunlao not talked anything else. I have carefully observed the bubble, only Chenghua porcelain features particularly evident during other periods of porcelain bubbles can not find the law. So I was asked to see bubbles okay, I can only say that your own summary, if you sum up, I want to learn anyway, I did not summed up. Second, the tire colors. Since the firing process is different tire color is also different. Generally speaking, the Ming tire color is red meat, the Qing Dynasty was pale. You look at the sun, fetal Zihou invisible, thin completely visible. Pan Ming inside who are red meat, the Qing Dynasty was pale, and this is the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty porcelain porcelain tires different colors. If someone brought a Chenghua porcelain, relatively thin, and you really do not see to see the inside, as long as the Pale is false. Thirdly, on the inner knuckle. Angular inner wall is the angle between the bottom face and foot. This angle inside a plot glaze, glazed, when product is more than, more later on showing a blue shrimp. This is often before the mid-Ming, now imitate also noticed this problem. However, the product of imitation goods glaze and enamel genuine plot there are two differences. First, it is not blue but pale green prawns, shrimp, blue is even able to close the pan. Second, some of the Ming Dynasty shrimp narrow blue line, then imitation is wide.
Emperor has a "Sannomiya six homes seventy-two concubines" only Hongzhi - Zhu tang is only one queen, and he had only one son Jiaozhu Houzhao. This child spoiled, Hongzhi was dead, he became emperor Zhengde. 17-year-old died throne 34 years, a total of 16 years when the emperor. The Zhengde Emperor inaction, mainly fathers ate the family property. So he does not have any contribution in porcelain. But once Masanori porcelain production or inherited Chenghua legacy. Speaking from the blue and white porcelain, porcelain with Hongzhi Zhengde early porcelain similar, but Zhengde period some more spots appear, equality green is gone. Also at this time there were two new green material, called Huiqing, and another called Danzi Qing. It is said Huiqing produced in the Western Regions, where I do not know specifically.
Zhengde period there are some new things, there is a new style, such as Kam pier, penholder, five for the Buddha, are from Masanori start there. In exhausted, the emergence of Tibetan and palindrome palindrome mainly Arabic. In addition, former imitation stuff from Masanori begins. Here I want to talk about the difference between fake and imitation goods, imitation goods from academia speaking called "sustenance." Zhengde Emperor to reverence of his predecessors, so imitation Xuande porcelain. Now imitations and fakes difference is the price, this bowl is imitation Chenghua, selling the market, and that is true. If you buy it at Chenghua price on injustice. Such a distinction is because porcelain is not fake, as long as the price is reasonable not called fakes. This is my view on the fakes, only for your reference.
Ming Jiajing, Khanh, the Wanli emperor three accounted for a total of 99 years, nearly a century. In the history of Ming porcelain is also a prominent stage, the emergence of many new devices shaped tattoo also increased. Boutique kilns and the kiln are similar, the most prominent is the use of Huiqing. Huiqing is Zhengde period occurs, according to records, Huiqing imported green material. Huiqing high content of manganese oxide, and iron oxide content is very low. Huiqing feature is the "scattered and not revenue", is to spend the dispersion, so it must be used in conjunction with Danzi Qing. Danzi Qing is characterized by color, "Shen without bright", lingers. The scattered and dispersed in mixed use, there is a little green coloration in the Pan-Purple. However, according to historical records, the ingredients ratio is different, divided on the Green, CY, Youth three levels. Mainly used for mixing water on the Green, the color brighter; CY for color, the pen road clear. This is a new kind of porcelain painting techniques, called "Shuang'gou coloring" is Chenghua period occurs. Is to first draw two lines, color heavier, and then add the two lines between the lighter color. To Jingdezhen called "troubled waters." Chenghua period as "Shuang'gou coloring" painting techniques just appeared, so it was not ripe, when the Shuang'gou fill fill sketched almost the same color, and sometimes hard to tell. To Khanh period, techniques and ingredients are ripe for the best painting is Khanh towards the period. Pointing to the tiles during the piece is Khanh is truly kiln. Khanh the choice of materials, refined techniques are very skillful, so the color is pure green material stability in the pan blue coloration is purple, bright strong colors, reaching the pinnacle of the realm. It is used Shuang'gou fill. It is very fluent lines freely, contour line and fill colors very coordinated, tire repair is also very neat. Weaver blue white glaze, the glaze layer slightly thick, glazed nourish, smooth and clean. Foot-sixth double inside is the "big Longqing years made" kaishu, center brush, frustrated and powerful structure solemn rigorous. I repeat a question, pointing to the Yongle period porcelain that is, the bottom foot white glaze inside, the quality is far better than the body. To the mid-Ming, its bottom glaze and glaze the body exactly the same, to the bottom of it in the late glaze finish and brightness utensils themselves better than good, not only kiln, kilns boutique as well.
I am introducing today are relatively minor areas, engage in identifying a breakthrough from the point to the surface, small place can reflect right and wrong. Now, no matter how fake imitations, certainly at some point and that time is not the same. Glaze from the bottom point of view, regardless of the word not the word, and the body, like, I never put it on in the late Ming. If the end of the glaze glaze better than the body, it is impossible to put it in the mid-Ming, considering it was only in the late Ming. To Wanli, Huiqing although still in use, the tone is almost as before, but in other ways to die. The so-called decline is from the Ming Dynasty Wanli began, the entire community also followed the decline of porcelain production decline, but this time the source of Huiqing has gradually gone. So in the mid-Ming Dynasty, porcelain quality is getting worse, to the late, most of the porcelain has been bland.
In the Ming Dynasty period and there were two green material. Ming Liu called beads, and another called Zhejiang material, these two materials are made in China. Zhu Ming material produced in Yunnan, Zhejiang material produced in Zhejiang. Zhuming material has appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, until modern Zhuming material is still in use. Both materials can be divided into upper, middle and lower three levels, cobalt, manganese content is high, low iron content, hair color is very stable.
Zhejiang is the green coloring material in reddening, Huiqing material is in the pan blue purple, which is the difference between two kinds of material. In Tianqi period is mainly used materials and beads ming Liu Zhe. At this point the blue and white of the material broken down into several Levels, is to separate the shades of blue and white material. In the "Fill Shuang'gou" has just appeared, only two color shades ceded to the apocalypse when it can be divided in five colors called multicolored blue and white. As Levels more, richer picture of expression. Pointing to a tile that is called "dragon and phoenix bowl." Blue and white coloration is gray-blue to dark blue-based, which in some places blurred. It's a little red glowing gray-blue, bluish-white glaze was, outside painting a dragon and a phoenix, inside painting is a sheep, the sheep is now in the Shang Dynasty, "Xiang", so I The bowl is called "dragon and phoenix bowl." Fan Qing Emperor Kangxi glazed been extended to two years before this all places Fan Qing porcelain white. To Kangxi years later, glazed are white. If you bring a whole Ming Dynasty porcelain is white, you will not believe it. Has come up with a porcelain bowl which is fishing graphic, it's style is very good, it is a colorful blue and white blue and white, the picture of the near and far are shown. The Kangxi previous screens, basically plane without depth.
Existing a chemical product called "cobalt", and its high content of cobalt, hair color calm, do not faint scattered, coloring dull, dead, picture appears stiff. So with "cobalt oxide" imitation Ming works, no taste, slightly raw youth who spend a glance.
